武汉主汛期小时降水变化

为了加强对武汉市主汛期降水气候和气候变化特征的了解,使用统计方法分析武汉市1955—2015年汛期小时降水数据。结果表明：武汉主汛期降水量443.5 mm,降水小时149 h,降水日数22.7天,降水强度19.5 mm/d;主汛期降水量05时最多28.9 mm,降水发生概率最大是04时13.1%,最小21时8.3%;主汛期内小时降水强度05时最大3.6 mm/h,16时最小1.9 mm/h;降水量、降水强度呈上升趋势,主汛期第3旬的降水强度增加趋势明显。城市防汛抗内涝应更多关注小时降水变化。     

马铃薯镰刀菌干腐病研究进展及防控手段

马铃薯是世界第四大粮食作物。马铃薯干腐病是一种重要的马铃薯收获后真菌病害,在我国各马铃薯产区内广泛发生,导致马铃薯块茎的商品薯率大幅下降,对马铃薯的产量造成严重经济损失。本文针对马铃薯干腐病的症状、发生与危害、病原菌种类以及综合防控手段进行综述,以期为病害的研究及防治提供参考。     

谈松树病虫害的现状及防治

松树作为绿化的主要树木之一,保证其茁壮成长是节约环境保护成本,维持生态可持续发展的重要措施。因此如何做好松树病虫害的防治,保证其成活率成为亟待解决的问题。在梳理了松树病虫害产生原因的基础上,提出了松树病虫害的防治策略,以及针对松树易发生的病害、虫害的种类提出不同的防治方法。     

Thymol attenuates allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse asthma

Thymol, a naturally occurring monocyclic phenolic compound derived from Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory property in vivo and vitro. However, the mechanism of thymol is not clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thymol on allergic inflammation in OVA-induced mice asthma and explore its mechanism. The model of mouse asthma was established by the induction of OVA. Thymol was orally administered at a dose of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight 1 h before OVA challenge. At 24 h after the last challenge, mice were sacrificed, and the data were collected by various experimental methods. The results revealed that pretreatment with thymol reduced the level of OVA-specific IgE, inhibited recruitment of inflammatory cells into airway, and decreased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF. Moreover, the pathologic changes of lung tissues were obviously ameliorated and goblet cell hyperplasia was effectively inhibited by the pretreatment of thymol. In addition, thymol reduced the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and blocked the activation of NF-κB pathway. All data suggested that thymol ameliorated airway inflammation in OVA-induced mouse asthma, possibly through inhibiting NF-κB activation. These findings indicated that thymol may be used as an alternative agent for treating allergic asthma.     

如何提升基层图书馆发展加速度的分析思考

为了充分发挥基层公共图书馆的整体优势和使用效益,实现文献资源的有效利用,南岗区图书馆从自身的实际出发,于2010年6月对阅览部开展了为期一个月的调查,其目的是要充分了解本馆报刊资源的利用情况,及怎样才能合理使用有限的购书经费,达到最大化满足读者的信息需求,尽快提升基层图书馆的服务水平和馆藏资源的建设。     

Fungicide and cultivar effects on the development and temporal progress of wheat blast under field conditions

The epidemiology of wheat blast, caused by the Triticum pathotype of Pyricularia oryzae, is poorly understood, making it very difficult to manage. We reported on the individual and combined effect of host resistance and fungicide application for managing wheat blast disease on spikes. Two field experiments (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2) were conducted in a region of Brazil where blast is not known to be endemic to evaluate its development as influenced by fungicide and host resistance. Plots of wheat cultivars BR-18 (partially resistant) and Guamirim (susceptible) were either treated with the fungicide epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin or left non-treated, and then inoculated with a spore suspension of P. oryzae at mid-anthesis. Spike blast incidence and severity, quantified at regular intervals after inoculation, increased over time, and fungicide and cultivar had statistically significant effects (P < 0.005) on both measures of disease and their temporal rates of progress. Relative to Guamirim-non-treated, BR-18-non-treated (resistance alone) led to 44 and 64% control of final incidence and severity, respectively, in Exp. 1, and 3 and 49% control, respectively, in Exp. 2. Guamirim-treated (fungicide alone) led to 65% control of incidence and 77% control of severity in Exp. 1, and 64% control of incidence and 95% control of severity in Exp. 2. For both incidence and severity, fungicide and resistance alone also reduced the temporal rate of progress relative to the susceptible non-treated. However, the greatest overall efficacy was observed when resistance and fungicide were combined, with over 70 and 90% control of final incidence and severity, respectively, and over 75% reduction in the temporal rate of spike blast progress. Based on percent control, the integrated effect of resistance and fungicide was additive for incidence, severity, and their temporal rates of progress, demonstrating the value of combining the two strategies to manage spike blast.     

鲤鱼基因组同源框Hoxa3a序列同源性分析与分子进化研究

本文利用生物信息学软件分析了鲤（Cyprinus carpio）基因组中同源框基因Hoxa3a与多种鱼类及其它生物的同源性,构建了分子进化树。结果表明：鲤与斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的序列同源性最高为95%,与大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）等四种鱼类的同源性次之为84%,与米氏叶吻银鲛（Callorhinch...     

基于网络的鸡病防治与诊断专家系统的设计

目前中国鸡病防治中存在一些暂时无法解决的难题,如基层中鸡病诊断专家缺乏、鸡病防控不及时等。基于现状,利用计算机网络技术和人工智能技术,将SQL数据库和ASP.NET技术相结合,设计并开发了基于网络的鸡病防治与诊断专家系统。该系统将鸡病诊断和鸡病防治知识进行集成,采用基于规则的模糊化的混合推理策略,实现了鸡病诊断和防治的数字化和智能化,用户可通过网络实现鸡病诊断、鸡病防治、鸡群管理、知识查询和统计分析等功能。经验证性试验和专家评测,该系统结构合理,功能完善,可以满足广大基层用户的需求,具有一定的推广应用前景。     

马流感病毒双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速、有效的检测马流感病毒(Equine influenza virus,EIV)的方法,以EIV中国分离株A/马/新疆/07(H3N8)制备的多克隆抗体为捕获抗体,原核表达的核蛋白(NP)制备的单克隆抗体为检测抗体,在国内首次建立了检测EIV的双抗体夹心ELISA方法.用该检测方法分别检测EIV、马动脉炎病毒、马疱疹病毒1型、马疱疹病毒4型和马乙型脑炎病毒阳性样品.结果表明,该ELISA方法具有良好的特异性;与常规检测EIV的血凝试验相比,其敏感性是后者的2.5～10倍;同时与H7N7亚型EIV有交叉反应.攻毒试验结果表明该方法可有效检测鼻腔分泌物中的EIV.该方法的建立为EIV的检测及早期防控提供了有效工具.     

J亚群禽白血病病毒gp85基因在重组杆状病毒中的表达及鉴定

为获得J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)的gp85蛋白,将ALV-J的gp85基因克隆至pFastBac-HTA供体质粒,将其转入DH10BacTM大肠杆菌感受态细胞,使gp85基因整合到Bacmid穿梭载体中,构建重组穿梭载体Bacmid-gp85。通过脂质体介导,将重组穿梭载体Bacmid-gp85转染Sf9昆虫细胞,获得重组杆状病毒rBacgp85。Western-blot和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)鉴定结果表明ALV-J gp85蛋白在Sf9昆虫细胞中得到正确表达,表达的重组gp85蛋白分子量约为38 ku。ALV-J gp85重组蛋白在Sf9细胞中的正确表达为其功能研究和应用提供了良好的基础。